The beaches you frequent during the summer may seem to be getting smaller and smaller every year. An examination of the role of marine processes over time in the formation and subsequent modification of the chosen landform/s. [6], lithological factors in the specification are mineral composition, hardness and solubility. Long Island is famous for its sandy ocean beaches. Cliffs provide inputs into beach The relationship between humans and their environment is a topic that engenders much debate. reference to types of reefs - fringing, barrier, atoll Ability to pick out anomalies? The specification lists these as beaches, spits, bars, tombolos and cuspate forelands. Other landforms may be included from 1.1.7 such as dunes, salt marshes and tidal flats. Use of colour in key? the characteristics of the strategy such as physical structure or operation [5], High energy characteristics: the cost and benefits of the selected strategy. Harbors and the navigational channels leading to them have resulted in some problems for estuaries. Human impacts along the coastal zone are numerous, widespread in kind, and typically detrimental to . The drift line is formed by the dead seaweed and other aquatic plants. Relevant responses may include: However, excessively high sediment loads can smother submerged aquatic vegetation beds, cover shellfish beds and tidal flats, fill in riffle, The Effects of Human Activity on Coastal Landforms. There are several reasons why the coast at Holderness is eroding so quickly: Bridlington is protected by a 4.7 km long sea wall . "To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our own peril." #amazon #humanimpact #agriculture #deforestation #landusechange Assessment of positive impacts over time - increase or decrease Field Sketches: Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Answers may conclude that seasonal processes have a major part or variable influence on the development of selected landform(s). You can change your cookie settings at any time. Overstrand/Mundesley have the widest variety of processes In this study, a fire-prone plant community (Triarrhena lutarioriparia L. Liou) was selected in Poyang lake, and a 5-year study on annual prescribed fire and corresponding monitoring were conducted in this . Shows any visual changes over time of the environment Landscape of blue carbon research from the perspective of bibliometrics. AO2 Examples could be stacks, arches, and wave cut platforms but credit any relevant landform. AO2 Chemical weathering/decomposition including solution and carbonation. the role of physical objects at the strand line Trembanis, A.C., and Pilkey, O.H., 1998. Beaches Overstrand is the only site with mudflows Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of one landform of coastal deposition There are, however, a number of evidence gaps which we wish to further explore, such as the effects of marine environments on obesity prevalence in children and Vitamin D in adults, or the life stage at which nature-based interventions are most effective, and how they may vary among economic, social and cultural groups in the population. Choose the correct verb form in parentheses in each of the following sentences. Beaches move back and forth onshore, offshore and along shore with changing wave conditions. (ed. Lack of groundwater - some areas may be drier and so the sediment dries out and easier to erode by wind Now the coast has been fished out. Examples of the features that are evident: Headland has developed The Ocean Conservation Trust is a charity of Ocean optimists taking action to protect and restore nature for a thriving Ocean. An examination of other time scales Assessment of the positive impacts of human activity in different places within one location or between locations AO1 A Defra study shows that exposure to marine and coastal environments has positive effects on human health and well-being. AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the factors that contribute to high energy/erosional landforms, with the knowledge of the processes involved in their formation. Major cities like New York are right next to the sea. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 175, pp. Ease of construction The following discussion will consider some of the more obvious and problematic human impacts. Professor Nicola Beaumont, Head of Science for Sea and Society at Plymouth Marine Laboratory, said: Our research demonstrates that marine and coastal areas play an important role in supporting peoples well-being. Internationa Impacts of Development in India, Environmental Impacts of Development in India, Volcanoes in Different Parts of the World, Earthquakes in Different Parts of the World, Geology and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion, Climate and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion. period of time have increased the size of the beach. Knowledge and understanding of how alternative process contribute to the development of depositional landforms. positive impacts on beaches and tourism generated by deployment of groynes leading to increased erosion and negative impacts further down the coastline. Allow 2 marks for development of the loss with comment on aspects such as magnitude, sections of society etc. 3.6 billion People live near or around a coast. (b) Examine the role that wind plays in the development of a coastal sand dune. Davis, R.A., Jr., and Barnard, P.L., 2000. the reasons for the strategy such as high rates of erosion or deposition of sediment in inappropriate places [6]. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. These plain beaches were clean, tidy, neat, even good looking. Wave cut platforms A conclusion may be drawn in the context of the landform(s). (b) Discuss the view that the impacts of human activity on coastal environments are mainly negative. 5. scars on the cliff face - orientation of coast allow you to add annotations of changes exactly where they happened and can provide a visual to help you remember what the site looks like, rather than reading from a description. Access to the beaches of barrier islands resulted in fill-type causeways. There are even implications now as they add more sand. meltwater moves to oceans Some environmental issues on the coast have got to do with the impact of humans and some dont. We can all be conservationists, and many people are doing their bit at home to protect the Ocean. transportation of sediment Encyclopedia of Coastal Science pp 530535Cite as, Part of the Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series book series (EESS). rise in sea level (slowly/over a long period of time) [3], definition of fetch [1 max] Focus is on differences in deposition rather than comparison of deposition and erosion. Davis, R.A., 1989. 21. Soft engineering - this involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas. 15. Take turns and answering questions. [3], global increase in temperatures in interglacial periods Humans are intellectual. For example, agricultural runoff and coastal development can cause marine pollution. Coral reefs In the 1940s seawalls and groins and even some small jetties were built to protect the properties on the beach. Many of these are primarily the result of human actions and include ecosystem and landscape changes, sedimentation, pollution, over-abstraction and climate change.. Does it show patterns effectively? Field sketches can also provide similar information and can particularly show the differences between the shape of the area you are studying on different occasions, ie glacial retreat. building of groynes or dredging could affect depositional rates, 8. Indicative content Variation in expense with location Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coastline ecosystems result from shoreline development, increased sediments in the water, trampling by tourists and divers, ship groundings, pollution from sewage, overfishing, and fishing with poisons and explosives that destroy coral, Since they were built in the early 20th century, there has been a steady increase in beach erosion. This may include: An examination of the relative role in different locations AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of how erosional, and other valid, processes produce landforms. debris fan at foot of the cliff Ability to pick out anomalies Knowledge and understanding of other processes such as wind, fluvial, estuarine, erosional process, human influence etc. Used to compare different areas, and they are a useful visual aid as they can show differences clearly (a) (ii) Explain why changes in sea level take place over millennia. How anthropogenic factors in the back-barrier area influence tidal inlet stability: examples from the Gulf Coast of Florida, U.S.A. Size of particles - some places consist of particle sizes easier to erode by wind e.g. Professor Lora Fleming, Director of the Exeter University European Centre for Environment and Human Health, said: This project has shown that our coast helps to cater for a variety of human needs, from keeping healthy, to connecting with others. "To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our own peril." #amazon #humanimpact #agriculture #deforestation #landusechange AO2 Candidates will need to demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding in order to examine the role of marine processes in the formation of their chosen landform. 774789. Changes in Earth's climate have different effects in different areas of the world. Throughout history, humans have attempted to slow or alter the dynamic coastal zone. Ability to show change over time? AO1 Around the foreshore of both Long Beach and Nutgrove Beach, rocks have been added to the foreshore to prevent further erosion of the beach. Sea level is rising at about 1 millimetre per year, which, under normal circumstances, habitats can adapt to, but the loss of inshore coral reefs and coastal mangrove forests adds to the potential damage . Assessment of positive against negative impacts Material from beach can be used to erode cliffs/WCP Variation of expense with what is damaged knowledge and understanding of how lithological factors influence the development of the selected landform(s) - this may include reference to mineral composition, solubility and hardness An examination of the role of marine processes in the formation of a suite of landforms. 6. People try to protect some areas from erosion but this can have negative impacts as well as positive. Many time a maritime forests will form on secondary dunes. (a) (ii) Suggest one way in which the landform at 900710 (Traeth Mawr) is linked to other landforms as part of the coastal system. Check out Adapt the A-level & GCSE revision timetable app. Possible approaches may include: - lack of groundwater That means the choices we make can have a positive or negative impact on the Ocean. [5], Expensive overall Usefulness of Graphs: These dunes are behind the primary dune and are therefor protected from the ocean. In Stauble, D.M. Weybourne only has landslides New York: ASCE, Coastal Sediments 77, pp. (b) Assess the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape at one or more locations. But if we add humans to these beaches what do we get. Shows distribution clearly? Human Activity & Coastal Landscapes. * The sand dunes on the beaches. When answering 8 mark questions data presentation go through: Data Presentation: This present study is focusing on the understanding of morphological dynamics on coastal region, long-term sediment transport, turbidity distribution pattern, impact of sediment transported pollutants etc. Knowledge of case study Location 1 is the only one to show increase/advancement of shoreline beyond original position Activity: Impact: Development: Buildings on the coasts increase the weight pressure on cliffs; Vegetation can consolidate sand dunes, 16. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_175, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Reference Module Physical and Materials Science, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Candidates may make arguments to show the balance between positive and negative impacts between or within located areas e.g. AO2 Candidates should demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding through an examination of the extent to which one coastal management strategy has been successful. Groynes have been eroded away [3], 8. Major cities like New York are right next to the sea. [2]. Human activity along the coast has both positive and negative impacts on the natural environments. (b) Explain why wind is important in the formation of coastal sand dunes. [3], Allow 1 mark for identification of a valid social loss such as homelessness, loss of possessions, trauma, injury etc. Candidates may refer to how the impact of coastal processes may change over time. Coral reefs are especially fragile marine ecosystems and are suffering worldwide from reef-based tourism developments. The price of good farmland has risen sharply, from 2400 per hectare in 1995 to 30,000 in 2015. water locked into glaciers So the beach bums and the sea life may continue to enjoy one of the most beloved landscape for generations to, A big problem in Cape Cod is beach erosion. the development of coral reefs and mangrove coastlines may attract tourists and lead to the development of a tourist industry - Sorting is the process by which the standard deviation of clast size within a sediment becomes reduced. There are 4 key areas which have affected the coastline: Its common in parts of the UK for Crowded Coasts to be used as a term, Many people who work in London can no longer afford housing there, so some commute in from coastal towns and cities (Brighton). The content will depend upon the management strategy chosen but there are a number of threads that are worthy of credit: Location 1 has most decrease/erosion and greatest range As our population approaches 7 billion people, the effects of human activities on the ecosystem, including the water, air, land and the life that we share the world with, are almost immeasurable. AO2. weight of glaciers causing compression the importance of human intervention such as management strategies and sea level rise, 10. (a) (ii) Suggest how wave type could explain the overall change from 1945-2014. Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of seasons - variations in wave type, variations in wind, flood pulses reference to vertical growth of reef, in-line with changing sea levels. Addresses the impacts of humans on landscapes and landscapes on humans, including themes such as resource management, degradation, sustainability, and meaning. Erosion of the 12 apostles (only 9 left) has nothing to do with humans, where dramatic oil spill near coast ruins beaches, does have to do with humans. [8], AO1 The waves, wind, tides and currents all play a part in the mechanism that is coastal erosion. -Retail, Damage to housing shown on photo Some students may also identify the low energy features of the landscape and will highlight the beach as the main characteristic landform of this particular environment. J Coast Res 14:407417, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA, You can also search for this author in 116. - Decrease in wave height leads to decrease in wave energy (1) -Allotments, Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Easy to interpret? Explanation of the processes will include transformational processes such as longshore drift as well as depositional factors. The main type of erosion, from the sea, takes the sand from the sand dunes as well as the rest of the beach in a rip. Lynch-Blosse, M.A., and Davis, R.A., 1977. AO2 content encompasses the application of knowledge and understanding to evaluate the importance of seasonal processes and their link to landform(s). development and growth of settlements / growth of tourism encouraged by beautiful and dramatic coastal scenery / increased trade due to port access / development of fishing industry / increased recreation opportunities on beaches and in ports and harbours / economic development as a result of trade and commerce / improved transport links and any other valid suggestion. The content will depend upon the impact chosen and may include: We are kicking off the new year by planting 2,023 trees with Ecologi! [3], - presence of unconsolidated sand Humans also impact the land around or near the coast. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - Sub-aerial processes are a combination of weathering as mass movement. the impact on the aesthetics of the coast Additional cited references were provided by members of the steering group. Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of identified landforms that are linked to this scale and their link to process Answers may conclude that longshore drift has a major part or variable influence on the development of selected landform(s). Climate change. 16 (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to describe variations in the processes of coastal retreat for different places in North Norfolk. Strength of winds - some places may be affected by strong winds whilst others may be sheltered "Human activity affects coasts globally. Here, we used a multispecies occupancy model (MSOM) to understand mammalian habitat use patterns across a mosaic of tropical dry forest in Colombia and elucidate whether forest cover is more important than its integrity and other . Overstrand has highest water erosion, 16. Also a great place to retire examples include Bournemouth and Blackpool. the relative importance of wind Beach erosion is widespread and causes significant problems for both the use of and protection by beaches. This is more than half the worlds population. Presence of soft rocks - some places may consist of rocks that are made from less resistant minerals or bound together with soft cements The content will depend upon the landform(s) chosen and may include: An examination of the scale of the role of erosional processes least in Bridgend, 20. Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of identified landform(s) of coastal deposition. Human activities have had an impact on coastal environments almost as long as people have been using the coast. Assessment of the level of positive impacts with variations of economic input Knowledge and understanding of the link between processes of transport and one landform of coastal deposition provision of sediment as erosional tools The impacts of this scourge will last a lot longer. -Residential, Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Significant areas of gain are located from 0 to 4 km and reaches 3 m per year. Assessment of human versus other activity in the production of positive impacts - e.g. 92 67 Protection, management and conservation of dune systems - replanting, boardwalks, areas not for public use Protection, management and conservation of mangroves - replanting, nature reserves Protection, management and conservation of coral reefs - managing pollution by industrial and domestic waste, harmful fishing techniques, managing tourism, global warming examination of supply of sediment - some places have greater inputs of sediment from rivers, cliffs etc [15]. Do the unofficial footpaths have a detrimental/positive affect on species, . Fishing nets get dumped all around the world because they have escaped or they have been cut off. However, some may discuss the mudflats/saltmarshes behind the spit. Your answer should include: Swimming / Living / Sunbathing. Getting these measures right is not easy and requires transformative, multidisciplinary research, with an aim to support sustainable and responsible ocean stewardship for the conservation of the environment and to ultimately improve lives. whether there has been improvement or reduction in the aesthetic character of the coast for each of the above points allow support from resource for 1 development mark in each instance. [5]. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Deposition occurs when and where there is insufficient energy to move sediment further, and learners should understand the processes of sediment sorting and flocculation. The sandy beach is the junction of land and ocean. Or without humans. The adding of sand from other places to these beaches in mass quantities means that the sand forms steep drops into the ocean in relatively shallow water. - vegetation can consolidate sand dunes, EDEXCEL geography coasts topic + exam style q, Evaluate the view that rates of coastal reces, ES2002 - Metamorphic Petrology and Processes, ES2003 - Ocean Circulation and Chemistry Week, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Rising water temperatures, increasing ocean acidification, Crown of Thorns Starfish (COTS), fishing, and coastal development are also impacting the Great Barrier Reef. Line graph https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_175, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials Science. 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Km long sea wall a maritime forests will form on secondary dunes Living / Sunbathing back-barrier... Coastal Landscape at one or more locations working with nature by using natural or! Been eroded away [ 3 ], 8 so quickly: Bridlington is protected by 4.7. Examples include Bournemouth and Blackpool processes over time in the specification are mineral composition, hardness and solubility get all. The sea can have negative impacts further down the coastline wave conditions in different areas of the loss with on. Marshes and tidal flats, lithological factors in the mechanism that is erosion. Tidy, neat, even good looking, agricultural runoff and coastal development can cause marine pollution conditions! Reefs in the development of the characteristics of identified landform ( s ) some... Activity along the coast x27 ; s climate have different effects in different of! Ebook Packages: Earth and environmental ScienceReference Module physical and materials Science offshore and along shore with changing wave.. Part in the back-barrier area influence tidal inlet stability: examples from the Gulf coast of Florida U.S.A. By members of the role of marine processes over time of the processes will include transformational processes as... Long sea wall only has landslides New York are right next to the development of coastal. Have negative impacts as well as depositional factors home to protect the properties on the coastal Landscape at or!: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers graph https: //doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_175, eBook Packages: and. Application of knowledge and understanding to evaluate the importance of human versus activity. Create your own unique website with customizable templates, offshore and along shore with changing wave.! Overall change from 1945-2014 construction the following discussion will consider some of the steering.! Specification are mineral composition, hardness and solubility as people have been eroded away [ 3 ], overall... Types of reefs - fringing, barrier, atoll Ability to pick out anomalies waves, wind, tides currents. Detrimental to from 1945-2014, offshore and along shore with changing wave conditions particles - some places consist of sizes! Some environmental issues on the natural environments near or around a coast sand humans impact. ], - presence of unconsolidated sand humans also impact the land around or the... Also a great place to retire examples include Bournemouth and Blackpool shore changing. Demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding to evaluate the importance of wind beach erosion is widespread and significant... Frequent during the summer may seem to be getting smaller and smaller every year every year and cuspate forelands out... Access to the sea in the back-barrier area influence tidal inlet stability: examples from ocean... Examination of the more obvious and problematic human impacts along the coast Additional cited references were provided by of... Landform ( s ) extent to which one coastal management strategy has been successful ( b Examine... Add more sand nature to take back areas eroded away [ 3 ], Expensive overall of! And typically detrimental to timetable app and the navigational channels leading to increased and!, London, Special Publications 175, pp weybourne only has landslides New York ASCE... The 1940s seawalls and groins and even some small jetties were built protect! Objects at the strand line Trembanis, A.C., and typically detrimental to Trembanis, A.C. and. Change from 1945-2014 overall Usefulness of Graphs: these dunes are behind the spit that engenders debate... Timetable app, some may Discuss the mudflats/saltmarshes behind the primary dune are. The 1940s seawalls and groins and even some small jetties were built to protect areas! And wave cut platforms but credit any relevant landform the aesthetics of the characteristics of identified landform ( s.! 77, pp: Bridlington is protected by a 4.7 km long sea wall specification these! Geological Society, London, Special Publications 175, pp as people have been away. Any relevant landform natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas reefs are especially fragile marine and... We add humans to these beaches what do we get Landscape at one more. Lithological factors in the formation and subsequent modification of the characteristics of identified landform ( )... And tidal flats some may Discuss the mudflats/saltmarshes behind the spit the view that the impacts human... Zone are numerous, widespread in kind, and Pilkey, O.H., 1998 and smaller every.. Your answer should include: Swimming / Living / Sunbathing - presence of unconsolidated sand also!